The fatalities occurred after midnight early Sunday in Haiti’s second-largest city of Cap-Haitien.
Three survivors were pulled out of the rubble of the four-story building and taken to a hospital.
A 3.8 magnitude aftershock struck less than three hours before the collapse, and witnesses say it could have weakened the ground enough to allow the building to give way later.
It had been raining during the hours prior to the collapse, which could have also weakened the ground beneath the structure, officials said.